Insights

Success in a Free-Address Workplace Requires Some Comforts of Home

A new Perkins Eastman study reveals that open-plan, shared-work environments that channel aspects of “hominess” are best positioned for employee success. By Katherine Gluckselig, Senior Design Strategist, and Charlotte Bohning, Design Strategist & Industrial Designer

Five years after the global shift to remote work, many employees find themselves in offices that feel transient and impersonal. Without a dedicated desk—a “home base”—they’ve lost a familiar anchor that once offered comfort, routine, and a sense of belonging. But this is the new normal: A new study released by Stanford reveals that remote work levels have stabilized, and in response to hybrid policies where fewer people are in the office at the same time, many companies have adopted free-address models, where desks are unassigned and shared.

This shift makes sense from a cost and space-efficiency standpoint, but it comes with tradeoffs. Moving to a different seat each day can lead to higher stress among employees, reduced focus, and a weaker connection to their work. Making matters worse, most offices today rely on open-plan layouts—environments that can amplify fatigue and burnout if not designed thoughtfully.

The result is hard to ignore: Gallup recently reported that U.S. employee engagement has hit its lowest point in over a decade, highlighting clear room for improvement in the employee experience.

We are actively engaged in research to understand how spaces we design can better support the people who use them. Funded by the 2024 ONEder Grant, our new SomePlace Like Home study explores how we can make shared workspaces more supportive and comfortable. We wanted to learn what it takes for people to thrive in the office—even without a desk to call their own.

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Designing for People, Not Just Productivity

Our analysis found that satisfaction with one’s workspace is more strongly linked to physical comfort, privacy, and personal identity in the space rather than the specific type of seating arrangement.

In fact, when these conditions are met, employees in well-designed, unassigned environments can be more satisfied than those working from home. The key is addressing inherent tensions in these kinds of spaces and introducing strategies to support employees’ sense of comfort, familiarity, trust, and ownership.

Comfort

Prioritize physical and environmental comfort with ergonomic furniture, appropriate lighting, and temperature control to help employees focus and feel at ease throughout the day.

Familiarity

Incorporate biophilic elements, space to display photos or mementos, and textures with sensory appeal to create warmth and make the space feel more welcoming.

Trust

Workers need to trust the space will meet their needs. This can be accomplished through features like intuitive wayfinding, dependable amenities, comfortable furnishings, and reliable technology—all of which promote a sense of stability and confidence.

Sense of Ownership

Even in free-address environments, employees should feel empowered to choose, claim, and personalize their workspace. This cultivates a sense of attachment and enhances their overall engagement with the space.

Putting Ideas into Practice

Much of our recent work focuses on helping companies navigate new ways of working, including hybrid work and free-address seating. For Perkins Eastman’s own Pittsburgh studio, we put research into practice, testing new strategies to improve the employee experience.

Here, seating is unassigned. Employees choose where to work each day based on their needs—from booths and high-top tables to quiet corners and traditional workstations. The layout supports focused work, informal huddles, team lunches, large meetings, and everything in between.

Free address workspace at Perkins Eastman's Pittsburgh studio

Perkins Eastman’s free-address Pittsburgh studio includes myriad seating options, including work tables, islands for collaboration, private pods for meetings, and a dining area that doubles as workspace.
Photograph by Andrew Rugge | © Perkins Eastman

One of the trickier challenges in shared environments is how to support personalization. In the Pittsburgh studio, we addressed this with a communal wall where employees can post updates, milestones, and wins, both professional and personal.

Success in a Free-Address Workplace Requires Some Comforts of Home Success in a Free-Address Workplace Requires Some Comforts of Home 1

Above, left: Photograph by Andrew Rugge | © Perkins Eastman
Above, right: Photograph by Sarah Mechling | © Perkins Eastman

In another project—the corporate headquarters of a global pharmaceutical company—we took personalization a step further, embedding it at both the individual and team levels. Desks are grouped into neighborhoods to create a more human scale within the larger floorplate. Each neighborhood features a custom pegboard wall that teams can personalize as they choose.

At the individual level, employees are given a mobile cart and a flexible kit of parts to make any desk feel like their own. Accessories range from pen cups and potted plants to trays, notebooks, charging boxes, and more—small touches that bring personality into a shared environment. Together, these strategies bring a sense of hominess to the office—even in a space that shifts day to day.

Designing What Comes Next

Free address seating doesn’t have to feel impersonal. With a few thoughtful design moves, organizations can create shared spaces that foster connection and productivity without sacrificing flexibility or efficiency.

We’re using insights like these to create workplaces that support not just what people do, but how they feel while doing it. When comfort, familiarity, trust, and ownership are built into the experience, people feel more supported—no matter where they happen to sit.

Research Team: 
Rebecca Milne, Associate Principal | Director of Design Strategy
Hanna Negami, Ph.D., Associate | Data Strategist
Widya Ramadhani, Ph.D., Associate | Design Researcher
Katherine Gluckselig, Associate | Senior Design Strategist
Charlotte Bohning, Associate | Design Strategist & Industrial Designer
Robert Condia, FAIA, Professor Emeritus of Architecture, Kansas State University